Leituras em Educação — volume 8 — constitui importante contribuição às discussões que se formulam sobre o ensino e a prática pedagógica - da leitura, da literatura infantojuvenil, da iniciação científica no Ensino Médio, dos infinitos diálogos com Paulo Freire. Esta coletânea, em seus cinco artigos, explora de modo consistente pressupostos teóricos que explicitam a importância da educação e sua construção em saberes, incluindo a tecnologia, quando refletem sobre a aprendizagem. Todas as leituras examinam, de maneira cuidadosa, a prática pedagógica (...) oferecendo minuciosos roteiros de trabalhos, mostrando com maturidade e espírito crítico algumas respostas obtidas. (shrink)

An investigation into the concept of life in Michel Foucault's work leads both to a more precise understanding of the development of his work and to the elaboration of a critical look at recent interpretations of his thought, especially in relation to the readings of the concept of biopolitics that oscillate between a positive and a negative interpretation of this concept. The analyzes of this term, which have proliferated among recent readings of Foucault's work, seem to lack a more accurate (...) understanding of the problem of life, from which largely results the very acuity of Foucault's reflections on biopower. What above all guides this brief and incipient reflection on Foucault’s notion of life is Muhle's (2021) finding that Foucault does not attribute an ontological status to the notion of life and that this life plays a double role (Gegenstand and Funktionsmodell) regarding its implication in biopower, as well as Mauer's assumption (2015) that Foucault turns to the notion of life in order to deviate from the concept of man, i.e., from humanism. These two hypotheses help us not only to shed light on the elaboration of Foucault's thought as a whole, particularly with regard to biopower, but also on recent readings of the notion of biopolitics. (shrink)

Esta coletânea, reúne diversas contribuições, instigando o leitor a refletir sobre os estudos desenvolvidos e aplicados na educação a distância, apresentando pesquisas realizadas sobre a temática, os quais contribuem de forma efetiva para fins pedagógicos, trazendo consigo diferentes contextos e novas necessidades do uso das tecnologias digitais, com aprimoramento das metodologias no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. As tecnologias digitais evoluem rapidamente e para acompanhar e fazer uso das mesmas na educação a distância, se fez necessário movimentos nas práticas metodologias (...) também, as quais necessitaram ser repensadas, envolvendo os mais variados recursos e métodos. Deste modo, um novo olhar sobre a educação a distância começa a surgir, integrando saberes tecnológicos, pedagógicos, metodológicos e imergindo na área da programação e desenvolvimento de novos recursos digitais.Neste viés, a coletânea elucida cenários educacionais em diferentes níveis de ensino, trazendo ao leitor uma visão geral das ações da educação a distância no panorama brasileiro. (shrink)

Igreja e Educação, tema que se constrói e se manifesta como realização da missão evangelizadora pedida por Jesus Cristo, quando da sua subida aos céus. Ao assumir a educação, a Igreja percebe o mundo como uma realidade em contínua transformação e acredita que o ser humano pode, com suas atitudes, alterar os rumos da sociedade por meio da vivência solidária e da luta por um mundo melhor. Sendo os elementos-chave do processo educacional, a igualdade, a solidariedade, a autonomia, a cidadania (...) e a fraternidade, a Igreja se coloca inteiramente nessa perspectiva. Principalmente com a educação religiosa, a Igreja quer agir de tal forma que cada momento da sua atuação propicie um processo de dignidade, libertação e emancipação, a exemplo de Jesus Cristo. A educação para a Igreja tem, no exemplo de Jesus Cristo, a forma de melhor cumprir essa missão. (shrink)

In thirteen essays from different aesthetic traditions, Aesthetic Apprehensions: Silences and Absences in False Familiarities problematizes our habituated customs of seeing and reading the familiar to focus on that which cannot easily be comprehended but may be sensed through encounters with the ruptures and gaps that quietly beckon our attention.

Philosopher of science Bruno Latour defines the image as “any sign, work of art, inscription or painting serving as a mediation to reach something else.” According to this definition, mediation could very well be a synonym for image. In this article, I would like to use Latour’s work to argue for the crucial role that images play in overcoming a certain modern worldview that has divided the world into ontological essences that separate subject and object, nature and culture. It is (...) precisely the erasure of the mediations, the images that connect these different forms of life together, that has led to the positing of the modern constitution of autonomous essences, cut off from the many agencies that give them life. Using the art installations of artist Tomas Saraceno, this article will show that it is precisely this mediating role of art that lends it such an interdisciplinary and phenomenological role in allowing the invisible webs connecting earth and sky, nature and culture, human and non-human, to be seen. (shrink)

In this paper we present an approach between the conceptions of choice in Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) and Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980). The purpose is to offer elements for a refl ection on the permanency of essentially human characteristics under quite different historical – and theoretical – conditions. The analysis follows the assumptions of Social History, from Braudel’s perspective of Long Duration. In fact, it is possible to identify analogies between Thomas’ and Sartre’s concepts of choice, which allows us, in education, to (...) make inferences about man’s responsibility for their actions. (shrink)

Este artigo se divide em quatro partes. Inicialmente apresentamos a noção de biopolítica de modo introdutório, considerando a relação entre poder soberano e biopoder. Voltamo-nos para a elaboração foucaultiana do termo de modo a esclarecer, em linhas gerais, seu sentido. Essa breve análise da noção de biopolítica encaminha-nos para o conceito de tanatopolítica, que aparece, na segunda parte do texto, como epíteto da derivação funesta da biopolítica. Na terceira parte, a partir de uma perspectiva biopolítica, lançamos luz sobre a crise (...) que enfrentamos. Trata-se de um esforço de evidenciar o sentido biopolítico da crise atual, considerando o conteúdo das reflexões de Foucault. Finalmente, na quarta parte, atualizamos o debate acerca da biopolítica por meio de uma análise da noção de imunidade formulada por Esposito, a qual fornece uma importante chave interpretativa da pandemia atual. (shrink)

O presente trabalho objetiva demonstrar uma experiência em contexto de educação online em um curso superior de tecnologia no qual um modelo de avaliação formativa, com foco em competências, foi efetivamente modelado e utilizado. Para o seu desenvolvimento, foram consideradas as proposições de Pereira et al. (2009), sobre as metacompetências essenciais a serem desenvolvidas em estudantes na contemporaneidade, e Pereira et al. (2015) sobre uma cultura de avaliação baseada em competências.

A potencialidade na filosofia da educação antiga e medieval 1 Resumo: O texto aborda a potencialidade, na filosofia da educação antiga e medieval, como a capacidade de aperfeiçoamento da razão. A noção de paideia conduz essa reflexão, uma vez que perpassa o pensamento educacional desde a antiguidade clássica até a baixa Idade Média. Essa continuidade explicita a tradição da formação integral do homem que considerava os aspectos morais e políticos como uma totalidade indissociável. O encaminhamento teórico segue a concepção de (...) História Social de Braudel (1902-1985), já que o foco é a compreensão da herança teológica e filosófica, que exprime os fundamentos da educação. Para refletir sobre esse legado do conhecimento, três momentos foram estudados: a paideia grega na perspectiva aristotélica e platônica; a patrística, por meio do entendimento de Clemente de Alexandria (150-215 d.C.) e de Agostinho de Hipona (354-430 d.C.); e a escolástica, analisada nas concepções de Hugo de São Vítor (1096-1141) e Tomás de Aquino (1225-1274). Assim, nos autores apresentados, há a permanência da compreensão de que o aperfeiçoamento da razão significava a transformação em ato da potência essencial do homem: a razão. A principal finalidade da educação, portanto, era a formação da consciência de cada pessoa, pois entendia-se que esse era o principal meio para o êxito da vida em comum. Palavras-chave: Filosofia da Educação; Potencialidade; Paideia; Patrística; Escolástica. Potentiality in the philosophy of ancient and medieval education Abstract: The text addresses the potentiality, in the philosophy of ancient and medieval education, as the ability to improve reason. The notion of paideia guides this reflection since it pervades educational thought from classical antiquity to the low Middle Ages. This continuity explains the tradition of the integral formation of man which considered the moral and political aspects as an inseparable totality. The theoretical approach follows Braudel’s conception of Social History since the focus is on understanding the theological and philosophical heritage, which expresses the fundamentals of education. To reflect on this legacy of knowledge, three periods were studied: the Greek paideia in the Aristotelian and Platonic perspective; patristic, through the understanding of Clement of Alexandria and Augustine of Hippo; and scholasticism, analysed in the conceptions of Hugh of Saint Victor and Thomas Aquinas. Thus, there is a continuing understanding in the authors presented that the improvement of reason meant the actualization of man's essential potency: reason. The main purpose of education was the formation of the conscience of each person, as it was understood that this was the main means for the success of life in common. Key words: Philosophy of education; Potentiality; Paideia; Patristic; Scholastic. Potencialidad en la filosofía de la educación antigua y medieval Resumen: El texto aborda la potencialidad en la filosofía de la educación antigua y medieval, como capacidad para mejorar la razón. La noción de paideia orienta esta reflexión ya que impregna el pensamiento educativo desde la antigüedad hasta la baja Edad Media. Esta continuidad explica la tradición de la formación integral del hombre que consideraba los aspectos morales y políticos como una totalidad. El enfoque teórico sigue la concepción de Braudel de Historia Social, ya que el enfoque está en la comprensión de la herencia teológica y filosófica, que expresa los fundamentos de la educación. Por tanto, se estudiaron tres períodos: la paideia griega en la perspectiva aristotélica y platónica; la patrística, a través del entendimiento de Clemente de Alejandría y Agustín de Hipona; y escolasticismo, analizado en las concepciones de Hugo de San Víctor y Tomás de Aquino. Por lo tanto, existe un entendimiento continuo en los autores presentados de que la mejora de la razón significó la actualización de lo potencial del hombre: la razón. El propósito principal de la educación era la formación de la conciencia de cada persona, pues se entendía que este era el principal medio para el éxito de la vida comunitaria. Palabras-clave: Filosofía de la educación; Potencialidad; Paideia; Patrística; Escolástica. Data de registro: 22/04/2021 Data de aceite: 22/09/2021 1 Artigo desenvolvido com base na tese Hábito e subjetividade na educação: aproximações entre Aristóteles, Tomás de Aquino e a neurociência, defendida por Lais Boveto, orientada por Terezinha Oliveira. Pesquisa com bolsa doutorado CAPES. (shrink)

A Abadessa da ordem beneditina Hildegarda de Bingen, em meados do século XII, compôs a obra Physica, um livro de remédios simples no qual discorre sobre receitas curativas utilizando as coisas naturais. No livro primeiro do Physica, o De Plantis, Hildegarda descreveu como tratar os mais diferentes problemas de enfermidades por meio das virtudes curativas das plantas. O Physica é o resultado do estudo e da prática de cura da Abadessa. Conforme sugerem pesquisas em História da Ciência, ela faz uma (...) espécie de fusão entre três diferentes tradições, encontradas no território germânico medieval, sendo elas: a tradição cristã latina, a tradição popular germânica e o conhecimento médico greco-romano. Outro aspecto que consideramos ter influenciado no saber de cura da Abadessa foi sua forma complexa e própria de ver o mundo que a rodeava, típica do pensamento místico medieval. Este trabalho mostra evidências desses aspectos de influências no saber médico de Hildegarda, a partir da análise e descrição de algumas plantas encontradas no primeiro capítulo do Physica. Com isso, esperamos contribuir para os estudos sobre Hildegarda de Bingen no campo da História da Ciência. (shrink)

Fenomenologia e Educação na perspectiva de Creusa Capalbo Resumo: Creusa Capalbo fez seu doutorado em Filosofia na Universidade Católica de Louvain. Faleceu em 2017, aos 83 anos, e deixou uma obra centrada na meditação sobre Fenomenologia e Ciências Humanas. Editou um livro com esse título, cujo sexto capítulo aborda o tema Fenomenologia e Educação. Mostrando invulgar erudição e fazendo a crítica de pensadores que reduzem a educação à adequação ou à revolta contra a sociedade industrial, Creusa Capalbo entende que o (...) papel da educação é o de propiciar a introdução de valores que assegurem a realização do bem comum. Inspira-se, para tanto, nas meditações exponenciais de Husserl, Scheler, Buber, dentre outros autores. Retomando as meditações desses pensadores, Creusa Capalbo realiza um percurso admirável, sublinhando sua fidelidade ao tema da Filosofia da Educação.Palavras-chave: Fenomenologia; Crítica filosófica; Educação; Bem-comum. Phenomenology and Education from Creusa Capalbo’s perspective: Creusa Capalbo did her PHD in Philosophy at the Catholic University of Louvain. She died in 2017, at the age of 83, and her work reflects the Phenomenology and the Human Sciences. In fact, she edited a book with that title, whose sixth chapter accounts the topics of Phenomenology and Education. Creusa Capalbo, with a lot of scholarship and criticizing the philosophers who reduce education to adequacy or to conflict against industrial society, she defends an education with values that support the realization of the common good. For this, she was inspired, among other philosophers, by Husserl’s, Scheler’s and Buber’s ideas. Resuming their thoughts, Creusa Capalbo did a great way, emphasizing her fidelity to the Philosophy of Education.Key Words: Phenomenology; Philosophical criticism; Education; Common good. Phénoménologie et Éducation dans la perspective de Creusa Capalbo Résumé: Creusa Capalbo a fait son doctorat en Philosophie dans l'Université Catholique de Louvain. Elle est décédée à 2017, avec 83 années, et elle a laissé une oeuvre axée sur la méditation au sujet de la Phénoménologie et les Sciences Humaines. Elle a publié un livre avec ce même titre, dont le 6ème chapitre étudie le sujet: Phénoménologie et Éducation. Sa remarcable érudition et sa critique des philosophes contemporains qui circonscrivent l'éducation soit à l'adéquation, soit à la révolte contre la société industrielle, l'amenèrent a affirmer que le rôle de l´éducation est celui de favoriser l'introduction dans la société des valeurs qui puissent assurér la réalisation du bien commun. Elle s'inspire, dans la proposition de cette perspective, dans les méditations de Husserl, Scheller, Buber, parmi d'autres penseurs, et elle réalise un parcours admirable, qui souligne sa fidélité au sujet de la philosophie de l'éducation.Mots clés: Phénoménologie; Critique philosophique; Éducation; Bien commun. Data de registro: 20/08/2020Data de aceite: 30/11/2020. (shrink)

In this essay, we address the influence of psychoanalysis on Merleau-Ponty's philosophy of the esthesiological body. Our analyses are about the relation of senses and meanings established among the notions of game, sport and ludic, dialoguing with esthesiology and with the pulsional body, based on Freud's psychoanalytic referential, also approached by Merleau-Ponty. Our interlocutor considers that the expression of play in language seeks to situate the body, perception, and desire as primordial sources in the process of signification, presenting a different (...) way of conceiving the problem of ambiguity of the word game, based on a lacunar, indirect, and nascent conception of language. Merleau-Ponty's philosophy beckons to an alternative and possible path in the movement of re-reading the game and the ludic, including the dialogue with Psychoanalysis concerning the relations of the pulsional body with the game and the play in shaping the feeling of existence, and broadening the horizons of the philosophy of sport. (shrink)

Evangelization in the present contemporary context, transmission of faith, and the new architecture of communication are this article’s central axes. Just as interconnected cogwheels, they need to function together to hand on faith appropriately in today’s world. Our society, marked by unprecedented experiences in the field of digital culture, gave rise to a “new person”, who lives and relates within a new architecture of communication altogether. In the communicative process of digital culture, the modality of communication has changed from a (...) unilinear mode of transmission to networked, interactive, collaborative forms of interaction. Based on the teachings of the Second Vatican Council, and in an effort to rethink the present modalities of faith transmission, this study concerns both the convergence and continuity of the Magisterium of the Church on evangelization and the urgency for her to engage in a dialogue between faith and culture. This requires an attitude of courage to consider more deeply the relation between faith, Church life, and the current transformations as experienced today. For in the digital culture, a new perception and understanding of faith has grown and developed. New languages have challenged conventional paradigms and prompted us into a change of mentality and pastoral practice. (shrink)

The complexity and inefficiency of the U.S. health care system complicates the distribution of life-saving medical technologies. When the public health is at stake, however, there are alternatives. The proposal for a national PrEP program published in this issue of the Journal applies some of the lessons of the national COVID vaccine campaign to HIV prevention. In doing so, it draws on other examples of public health approaches to the financing of medical technology, from vaccines for children to hepatitis C (...) treatment. (shrink)

Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is protective against HIV. Low utilization rates amongst HIV vulnerable populations are due in part to the high cost of PrEP. Generic PrEP offers the potential to improve health at significantly reduced costs. In this study, we examine early utilization patterns and prices for generic PrEP. We discuss the opportunities and challenges for generic PrEP to improve health among HIV vulnerable populations.

The goal of this work is writing about the importance of the poetic art, especially the tragedy to understand the psyche. The literature, besides showing an epoch, represents in a clear and poetic way the human conflicts. To reach this goal, we went through some literary works – Edipo King, by Sofocles, Hamlet and Macbeth by Shakespeare; Goriot Father by Balzac; Twenty Four Hours in a Woman’s Life by Stefan Zweig – extracting from them some fragments in which human sufferings (...) are explicit. We checked the importance of the speech in the emotions relief. We verified in the psychoanalytic and literary speeches that the poetic art seems to illuminate Freud’s steps in such a way that the poets anticipated the technical and psychoanalytic theory. (shrink)

SummaryThis article offers a novel and comprehensive account of Walter Bagehot's political thought. It ties together an interpretation of Bagehot's liberal commitment to norms of discussion and deliberation, with an analysis of Bagehot's extensive arguments about the institutions of representative government. We show how Bagehot's opposition to American-style presidentialism, to parliamentary democracy, and to proportional representation were profoundly shaped by his conceptions of government by discussion, and the rule of public opinion. Bagehot's criticisms of English parliamentarianism, both of its pre-1832 (...) and post-1832 varieties were also motivated by those principles, as was his own proposal for parliamentary reform. By examining the whole range of Bagehot's writings on representative government and by connecting his institutional recommendations to his liberal principles, we are also able to better clarify Bagehot's position in Victorian political thought. The article concludes with a discussion of the debate leading up to the Second Reform Act, in which we elucidate Bagehot's disagreements with other prominent exponents of liberalism including John Stuart Mill, the “university liberals,” and Robert Lowe. (shrink)

In Feb. 2022 Sungho Kimlee passed away. In his memory, we present this revised and abridged version of a portion of his dissertation, Factions and Orders: from Machiavelli to Madison. Sungho summarized the work as follows: “Since antiquity, thinkers have held that every society consists of two hostile orders – the few and the many. But they have disagreed on the proper method for defusing this civic divide, and their various proposed remedies can be classified into three approaches. The first (...) approach aims to eliminate the division between the rich and the poor by abolishing private property. Plato’s Republic inaugurated this method, which was later embraced with ambivalence by Thomas More and vigorously defended by Karl Marx. The second approach merely aims to contain the harmful effects of the binary civic divide. Plato proposed two methods for accomplishing this in the Laws: Plutarch championed the first method, and Aristotle the second. My dissertation traces the genealogy of the third approach – the method of supplanting the binary civic divide with more numerous divisions. This oft-neglected method was pioneered by Rousseau, who prescribed the creation of artificial divisions by the state as a remedy for majority factions. (shrink)

We question the idea that the mirror neuron system is the substrate of social affordances perception, and we suggest that most of the activity seen in the parietal and premotor cortex of the human brain is independent of mirroring activity as characterized in macaques, but rather reflects a process of one's own action specification in response to social signals.

In order to explore some of the divergences within new materialism and elucidate their relationship to actor-network theory, this article will develop Latour’s theory of agency and then compare it to those new materialists who uphold a ‘flat ontology’ that includes technological tools and those who uphold an animate/inanimate distinction. In light of the ecological crisis called the Anthropocene, the dissolution of the animate/inanimate distinction will be defended in order to address both polar bears and glaciers, coral reefs and clown (...) fish. Though Latour himself has defended such a dissolution, his political proposals to address the ecological crisis revert back to the modern and dualist position he has himself critiqued for so long. Using the gains of actor-network theory, while differentiating a new materialist ecological politics from that of Latour, will be shown to be necessary in order to find a solution to the crisis of the Anthropocene. (shrink)

In the past decades, an enormous amount of precious information has been collected about molecular and genetic characteristics of cancer. This knowledge is mainly based on a reductionistic approach, meanwhile cancer is widely recognized to be a ‘system biology disease’. The behavior of complex physiological processes cannot be understood simply by knowing how the parts work in isolation. There is not solely a matter how to integrate all available knowledge in such a way that we can still deal with complexity, (...) but we must be aware that a deeply transformation of the currently accepted oncologic paradigm is urgently needed. We have to think in terms of biological networks: understanding of complex functions may in fact be impossible without taking into consideration influences outside of the genome. Systems Biology involves connecting experimental unsupervised multivariate data to mathematical and computational approach than can simulate biologic systems for hypothesis testing or that can account for what it is not known from high-throughput data sets. Metabolomics could establish the requested link between genotype and phenotype, providing informations that ensure an integrated understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and metabolic phenotypes and provide a screening tool for new targeted drug. (shrink)

Discute-se, neste trabalho, o surgimento e a articulação de modelos de psicoterapia de casal, emergentes no final do século XX e início do século XXI. Para tanto foram utilizados artigos de revisão sobre psicoterapia de casal publicados e indexados ao Psiclit, de 1980 até agosto de 2006, sob as pala..

Nous nous sommes proposés d’étudier, dans ce travail, les conceptions et les expériences vécues dans des relations amoureuses d’adolescents appartenant aux couches dites « populaires » de la ville de Rio de Janeiro.Au moyen d’entretiens semi-structurés, nous avons interrogé dix adolescents, cinq du sexe féminin et cinq du sexe masculin, âgés de 13 à 17 ans, sur le rôle que ces relations tiennent dans leur vie. Nous pouvons en conclure que nos sujets ne semblent rien désirer de bien différent de (...) ce à quoi aspiraient les générations antérieures, car leurs paramètres et leurs aspirations sont demeurés pour la plupart les mêmes, si ce n’est qu’ils utilisent des moyens nouveaux et encore tout récents. (shrink)